什么是合作社?
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什么是合作社?
Cooperatives are user- and producer-owned businesses owned and controlled by their members. It's a business model working on behalf of the members instead of outside investors. Cooperatives are democratically controlled businesses that work to meet their members' social, 经济, 和/或文化需求. 成员使用产品, supplies and services of the cooperative, and profits are usually given back to its members (patronage).
Cooperatives are created for many reasons or to fulfill specific needs common to a group of people. Some examples are the split cost of goods, 共享工作控制权, and increased purchasing power by buying in bulk, 共享的工资, 等.
What are some different types of cooperatives? (美国农业部)
Farmer-owned – help producer-members market and process their crops and livestock and secure needed production supplies and services.
Consumer-owned rural utility co-ops provide electrical power and telecommunications services.
Financial co-ops provide credit and financial services.
What are the seven cooperative principles?
Principles were developed to distinguish a cooperative from other kinds of businesses. The seven cooperative principles encompass best practices and policies and are widely utilized.
Click HERE for the pdf version of the infographic.
- 自愿及公开会员资格
Cooperatives are voluntary organizations, open to all people able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, 没有性别, social, 种族, 政治或宗教歧视.
- 民主党议员控制
Cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members – those who buy the goods or use the services of the cooperative – who actively participate in setting policies and making decisions.
- 成员经济参与
Members contribute equally to, and democratically control, the capital of the cooperative. This benefits members in proportion to the business they conduct with the cooperative rather than on the capital invested.
- 自治与独立
Cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations controlled by their members. If the co-op enters into an agreement with other organizations or raises capital from external sources, it is done so based on terms that ensure democratic control by the members and maintains the cooperative's autonomy.
- 教育、培训和信息
Cooperatives provide education and training for members, 选出的代表, managers and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperative. Members also inform the general public about the nature and benefits of cooperatives.
- 合作社间的合作
Cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the cooperative movement by working together through local, 国家, 区域和国际结构.
- 关注social
同时关注会员的需求, cooperatives work for the sustainable development of communities through policies and programs accepted by the members.
什么是赞助退款制度?
Cooperatives make every effort to return earnings to their members. Cooperatives generate income by charging market prices for supplies and services and competitive prices for products delivered for further processing and marketing. 正常情况下, this allows them to generate sufficient income to cover costs and meet continuing needs for operating capital. (合作信息报告55)
The following is an example provided in the 合作信息报告55:
在财政年度结束后, a cooperative computes its earnings on business conducted on a cooperative basis. Those earnings are returned to the patrons — as cash and/or equity allocations — on the basis of how much business each patron did with the cooperative during the year. These distributions are called patronage refunds. 例如, if a cooperative has earnings from business conducted on a cooperative basis of $20,000美元, 和女士. Jones does 2 percent of the business with the cooperative, she receives a patronage refund of $400 ($20,000 x .02). This allows the cooperative to return margins to members on an annual basis, consistent with standard accounting conventions and without regard to how much was earned on each transaction.
附加信息: http://www.usda.gov/topics/rural/co-ops-key-part-fabric-rural-america
了解更多 about how 弗吉尼亚农业信贷, ACA is part of a nationwide network of cooperative lending institutions.
To learn about the Farm Credit Administration, visit http://www.fca.gov/bank-oversight/the-cooperative-way
To learn about the Farm Credit’s cooperative structure visit, http://farmcredit.com/our-structure
看一个短视频: Cooperative Structure Unique Funding Model, Farm Credit